Semnan is one of the cities of Iran, the capital of Semnan province and Semnan city. This city is located in the south of Alborz mountain range and north of Dasht Kavir on the way from Tehran to Khorasan. The climate is dry and moderate.
This city is located between the three cities of Damghan, Garmsar and Mahdishahr at a geographic longitude of 53 degrees and 23 minutes and a geographic latitude of 35 degrees and 34 minutes, and its average height is 1130 meters above sea level. Also, its distance to Tehran is 216 kilometers and it is connected to Tehran-Mashhad national railway. According to the results of the census of 2015, the population of Semnan was equal to 185,129 people. The race of Semnan people is Aryan and they speak the Semnan language.
Naming
Regarding the name of Semnan, which is applied to this region, there are various common opinions and opinions, some of which are mentioned:
In the distant past, there was a huge city with a big idol house with a lofty and magnificent building at the place of the great fire temple of Haris in Kumesh (Semnan). For this reason, it is likely that the people of this land had the "Samti" or "Semina" religion before the appearance of Zoroaster, and their big idol house was located in the current place of Semnan.
Some others believe that Semnan is originally "Seknan" attributed to the clans of Sikhs, and the letters "Alf" and "Nun" are the signs of relationship and place, which can be seen in the words Gilan and others.
Some other people of Semnan believe that the old name of Semnan was (Sim Lam) which was built by two of the children of Prophet Noah named (Sim al-Nabi) and (Lam al-Nabi) whose tombs are in the northeast mountains of Semnan in a place It is known as the true prophets. Based on this, the word (Sim Lam) has changed to Semnan over time due to its many uses.
Some have also attributed the legend of the first building to two thousand years before Christ by order of Tehmorth Deoband. At that time, the city was named Semina, which changed to Semnan over time.
Another story indicates that the old name of Semnan in the local language was "three months of bread" and its inhabitants meant that the agricultural products of this area did not provide bread and food for the people for more than three months. Later, over time, "Semeh Nan" was changed to Semnan. Anyway, as can be deduced from historical sources and books, Semnan is one of the ancient regions of Iran, which has gone through many ups and downs in the long history.
weather
The climate of this city is hot in summer and relatively cold in winter. The rains of this city occur in the cold seasons of the year and the average annual rainfall is 140 millimeters. The average annual temperature is 17.7 degrees Celsius, while the absolute maximum temperature is 44.5 degrees Celsius and the absolute minimum temperature is -6.4 degrees Celsius. Also, the average number of freezing days during the year is about 48 days.
Natural complications
In the south of Semnan, areas such as desert plain, Rig Jen, and Hesar hills are among the most important geographical features. Gol Rudbar seasonal river in the northwest of this city, originating from the Alborz mountain range and passing through Mahdishahr city, flows into the desert plain.
People
According to the results of the census of 2015, the population of Semnan has reached 185,129 people. The people of Semnan speak Semnani language. Due to its special features, the Semnani language has attracted the attention of scientists and Iranologists. This language is one of the Iranian languages of the northwestern branch. Many Iranologists such as Professor Kristen Sen, Hotum Sindler, Wilhelm Leiker, George Morgan and Styren have conducted comprehensive research on the Semnani language. Also, the closest language to the Raji language is Semnani. It is worth noting that although the Semnan language is still used by the people of Semnan, the new generation of Semnan speaks less in this ancient language despite understanding it. The population of this city in previous years was as follows.
In this city, the percentage of literacy is very high and it is the most literate city in Iran.
Tourism:
The city of Semnan has 7 old famous neighborhoods named Espanjan, Letibar, Shahjo, Nasar, Zavghan, Kushamghan and Kadivar.
Religious attractions
Imamzadeh Yahya bin Musa al-Kazem
Imamzadeh Ali bin Jafar al-Sadiq
Imamzadeh Ali bin Ashraf
Imamzadegan Ibrahim and Ishmael
Imamzadeh Zainuddin
Tomb of Alawites
Tomb of the Prophets (Sim al-Nabi and Lam al-Nabi)
Historical and ancient attractions:
In addition to its natural beauty, this city has a history of several thousand years, due to its location in the passage of events caused by the campaigns and migrations between the East and the West, and most importantly, having the history of ancient civilization, it has many spectacular ancient monuments related to different periods of history, which show Its ancient history is:
Semnan Grand Mosque
Zaoqan Grand Mosque, Semnan
The Seljuk minaret of the Jame Mosque: This building is the oldest minaret in Iran, in the center of this minaret there is a wooden pivot, which moves the whole minaret by shaking it.
Imam Semnan Mosque (Shah or Sultan Mosque)
warm to Hazrat
Semnan Garambah Museum
Garambah Nasar
Garambah Qoli
The first heat
Semnan citadel gate
Dar al-Hokuma building (Abu Dhar Square)
Semnan market
The market of the dead
Sheikh Alaa al-Dawlah market
Forty girls tower
Castles of Saro
Pachnar Castle
Kushamghan Castle
Zaughan Castle
Khandez Castle
Leather fortress
Ahavan stone caravanserai (related to the 5th century AH)
Caravanserai Shah Soleimani Ahvan
Caravanserai of Shah Abbasi (Safawi)
The tomb of Sheikh Alaa al-Doulah Semnani
Tomb of Hakim Elahi Semnani
Tomb of Pir Najmuddin
Darvish Mahmud tomb
Nasar Reservoir
Factory reservoir
Old fortress reservoir
Tavakoli reservoir
Nassar Hill
Haj Fathali Bey School
Sadiq Khan School
Atashgah refrigerator
In addition to these, we can also mention water reservoirs, aqueducts with unique architecture and ancient texture of Semnan.
museums
Semnan Garambah Museum
Semnan Holy Defense Museum Park
Museum of Contemporary Arts of the East
green space
Urban parks: Semnan city has suitable green space per capita and large city parks such as 100-hectare Shaghaig Park in Golestan and northwest of the city, 80-hectare Simorgh Park in the west of the city, 10-hectare 17 Shahrivar Park in the city center.
Forest parks: Semnan city has two forest parks, Sokan and Komesh, in the east and northeast of the city. Also, Kohustan Park is on the northern side of Rosieh town and is the northernmost point of this city.
